Demography

Historical Growth of Population / Population Trend

Historically, the population of Calaca, Batangas has been estimated to increase from 5,838 in 1903 to 58,086 in 2000. The last decade registered a population growth rate of 2.42% from 1990-2000. The increased in population can be attributed to the higher number of birth than the number of deaths in a year. There are 20 livebirth per 1000 population in a year while there is only an estimated average ratio of 3 deaths per 1000 population in a year.

The increased in population can be attributed to the presence of major industries like the National Corporation, The Bacnotan Steel Corporation and the Alsons Cement, which could have provided employment opportunities. On the other hand, a number of population works although work outside the municipality, still choose to settle within the municipality because of personal reasons such as closeness to relatives and attachments to the place.

Urban and Rural Household Population

The populations residing in urban Barangays are classified by the NSO as urban population, while populations in rural Barangays are classified as rural population.

Out of 40 Barangays, the Poblacion area (Barangays 1-6) is considered as the urban Barangay. The total urban household population is 5,479. The Poblacion is the most densely populated area with average of 32 persons per hectare. Being the center, the Poblacion consist of several institutions like school, churches, market place, police and fire department and a municipal hall.

The remaining 34 Barangays are classified as rural Barangays with a total population of 52,607. Among the rural Barangays, the most densely populated are those along the highway, coastal area, and those near the Poblacion area. It is considered as the central business district of the municipality. These Barangays have easier access to transportation facilities, major institutions, industries and services.

The least populated rural Barangays are those that are located in hard-to-reach areas. These are Barangays in upland areas, where the slope level ranges from 18-30% to more than 50%. They have easy access to transportation lines and they are far from the CBD.

Urbanization / Distribution

Urbanization is defined as the growth in the proportion of population living in urban areas when there is development.

The urbanization level of Calaca is 9%, while the rural area urbanization is 91%. This suggests that basically, the municipality of Calaca is still rural in character but has a great prospect for further development.

Built-up density indicates the concentration of population in built-up areas. It is a gauge of how dense certain built-up areas in a municipality have become.

The gross urban density shows the concentration of the total urban population over the total area of identified urban barangays. The computed urban density is 31 person per hectare as compared to the rural density of 5 persons per hectare. This means that rural areas are less populated than the urban areas. The gross density is 5 persons per hectare. Calaca is considered as a low-density area since its computed built-up density is 69 persons per hectare.

Age and Sex Structure

The population distribution by age indicates a high distribution in the age bracket of 15-64, which is the productive or working age. The constitute the potential labor force of the municipality and economic activity which are labor intensive and income generating activities should be given greater emphasis to meet the needs of the labor force as well as the dependent population at 61% and 35% are in the age bracket of 14 and below. Only 4% of the population is above 65 years old.

The sex ratio is 99.6 male, which is less than 100. Thus, indicating a predominance of the female population, 49.9% is male while 50.1% are female.
Fertility in the area is high, which accounts for the high young dependency ratio of 57.2%. The old dependency ratio is 6.36%. The total dependency ratio is 63.5%.

Migration and its Measures

The population was described to be predominantly Batangueño or original settlers or have been residence for more than 20 years in the municipality. A low migration turn off from other areas was estimate at 14%.

Martial Status

Over 59% of the population are single while an estimated of 30% are presently married. A small percentage of the population are either widowed or separated.

Religious Affiliation of the Population

The population is predominantly Roman Catholic with a significant number of other affiliation like protestant, Seventh-day Adventist, Born Again, Iglesia ni Cristo, Baptist.

Education

The municipality of Calaca maintains 32 primary, 4 secondary and 1 tertiary school. While usable, most, most primary school buildings/classroom needs repair. The same conditions exist also for the secondary and tertiary school buildings and classroom.

School Going Age Population

Majority of the school going population age population enter primary school education (90%), while secondary school age population enter school at (70%) only a low of 2% of the school age population are enrolled in the tertiary education. On the other hand, primary teacher population was estimated at 237, while secondary school teachers are 97 and only 9 teachers in sole tertiary school in Calaca. The dropout rate for the last three years indicates a decreasing trend in primary level. For secondary level however showed an increased in dropout rate from 4.22% (1996-97) to 4.66%.

Educational Status

The educational status of the population of the municipality of Calaca presents a highly literate population. Being able to enter primary and reached postgraduate Education. At presents, 7.35% (4269) of the population are college graduate, while 3.84% (2,230) are college undergraduate, 18.79% (10914) have finished high school education while 14.06% (8,167) are Elementary graduate 10.88% or 5,855 were reported to be not going in school, while only 2.74% have no education at all. The local government should provide non-formal education in the municipality, which will cater to the out of school youth.
The average student-classroom ratio is 33:1 for the elementary level, 56:1 for the secondary level. The average student-teacher ratio is 31:1 fro the elementary level and 40:1 for the secondary level.